The last twenty years have witnessed an increasing interest in inconsistent structures and in paraconsistent logics, viz. logics that, as opposed to classical or intuitionistic logic, enable one to sensibly handle inconsistent theories. After the isolated precursors (Vasiliev and others), and the pioneering years (with Newton C.A. da Costa and others), the paraconsistent paradigm gained support from the growing relevant logic enterprise which, starting from a quite different programme, arrived at identical conclusions. Apart from the traditional domains of application (inconsistent theories, falsified empirical theories, dialectics, the huge and sometimes messy field of the paradoxes, …) the study of finite models of arithmetic recently provided a new dimension to the ongoing debate. The applications of paraconsistent logic in Artificial Intelligence and other computational areas have also provided a rapidly expanding novel area of research. Meanwhile a fundamental logical and philosophical debate developed between at least four parties. The traditionalists who, defending classical and similar logics, deny any philosophical import to paraconsistent logics, seem to run short of arguments.The pluralists, who defend that paraconsistent structures and logics deserve full attention and are on a par with their traditional counterparts, tend to view inconsistent structures as fundamental but provisional, and favour their replacement, at least in empirical domains, by consistent counterparts. The reformists continue to defend consistency in ontological matters, but argue that our knowledge and thinking necessarily requires inconsistency (and negation-incompleteness) and hence that classical logic should be replaced by a paraconsistent (and relevant) counterpart. The dialetheists, finally, contend that the world is fundamentally inconsistent and hence that the true logic should be paraconsistent; they do not deny that some domains are consistent, or may sensibly be supposed to be so, and they are able and willing to recapture classical reasoning in those domains. From a technical point of view, the present development led to a host of formal systems, mechanisms and results. Striking is not only the number of approaches from which paraconsistent logics have been developed, but also the fact that some approaches lead to mechanisms that are not formal logics in the strict sense but that still are able to handle inconsistencies. Many results are important outside the domain of paraconsistency. Examples are the recapture of intuitionistic logic from within relevant logics,the recapture of classical reasoning from within paraconsistent logics, and the recapture of some standard non-monotonic logics from within adaptive paraconsistent logics. From a philosophical point of view, those results drastically changed the discussion on consistency, on logic, and on the limits of thought. Not the philosophical discussion itself, but the technical results that entered it, are mainly responsible for this. Moreover, the discussion on paraconsistency is taken up in many other fields and may drastically change the conceptualization of problems as well as the obtainable solutions. Secure examples are the foundations of mathematics, many topics from the methodology of the sciences, epistemology, ontology, linguistics, and argumentation theory. In the past, several workshops and colloquia have been dedicated to paraconsistency, either separately or as parts of congresses and conferences. This will be the first worldwide conference devoted to the subject. It is intended to offer an overview of older and recent results in the field, to spell out open problems as well as the strength and weaknesses of the paraconsistent enterprise, and to attract the attention of the logical and philosophical community to the ongoing debate and to its consequences. Apart from logicians, the audience will comprise scholars interested in paraconsistency, either in view of foundational matters or in view of applications. This includes such fields as history and philosophy of science, epistemology, the foundations of logic, language, and mathematics, and artificial intelligence.