TY - JOUR T1 - The Scale Structure of Moral Adjectives JF - Studia Semiotyczne Y1 - 2017 A1 - Faroldi, Federico L. G. A1 - Soria Ruiz, Andrés VL - 31 CP - 2 ER - TY - Generic T1 - Dynamic Derivations for Sequent-Based Deductive Argumentation T2 - COMMA 2014 Y1 - 2014 A1 - Straßer, Christian A1 - Arieli, Ofer ED - Parsons, Simon ED - Oren, Nir ED - Reed, Chris ED - Cerutti, Federico AB -

We introduce a general approach for representing and reasoning with argumentation-based systems. In our framework arguments are represented by Gentzen-style sequents, attacks (conflicts) between arguments are represented by sequent elimination rules, and deductions are made by dynamic proof systems. This framework accommodates different languages and logics in which arguments may be represented, supports a variety of attack relations, and tolerates dynamic changes in the argumentation setting by revising derivations of assertions in light of new information.

JA - COMMA 2014 VL - Computational Models of Argument SP - 89–100 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The ICE-theory of technical functions JF - Metascience Y1 - 2013 A1 - Weber, Erik A1 - Reydon, Thomas A1 - Boon, Mieke A1 - Houkes, Wybo A1 - Vermaas, Pieter VL - 22 SP - 23–44 ER - TY - Generic T1 - The rule of quantity by Chuquet and de la Roche and its influence on German Cossic algebra Y1 - 2012 A1 - Heeffer, Albrecht ED - Rommevaux, Sabine ED - Spiesser, Maryvonne ED - Massa Esteve, Maria Rosa AB -

The importance of Larismethique of de La Roche, published in 1520, has been seriously underestimated. One reason for the neglect is related to the inscrutable way he is referred to. Buteo and Wallis called him Stephanus à Rupe de Lyon. Other obscure references, such as Gosselin calling him Villafrancus Gallus have been overlooked by many commentators. His influence can be determined in several works that do not credit him but use problems or definitions from the Larismethique. However, most damaging for its historical assessment was Aristide Marre?s misrepresentation of the Larismethique as a grave case of plagiarism. Marre discovered that the printed work of 1520 by Estienne de la Roche contained large fragments that were literally copied from Chuquet?s manuscript of the Triparty. Especially on the Appendice, which contains the solution to a large number of problems, Marre writes repeatedly that it is a literal copy of Chuquet. However, he fails to mention that the structure of the text of de la Roche, his solution methods and symbolism differs significantly from Chuquet. De la Roche introduces several improvements, especially with regards to the use of the second unknown. We provide an in-depth comparison of some problems solved by the so-called regle de la quantite by Chuquet with those of de la Roche. We further report on the surprising finding that Christoff Rudolff's solution to linear problems by means of the second unknown in his Behend vnnd Hubsch Rechnung of 1525 depends on Chuquet and de la Roche. As it is generally considered that algebra was introduced in Germany through Italy this provides a new light on the transmission of algebraic knowledge from France to the rest of Europe.

JA - Pluralité de l'algèbre à la Renaissance PB - Honoré Champion SP - 127–147 SN - 9782745323989 ER - TY - Generic T1 - Type-Theoretical Dynamics. Exploring Belief Revision in a Constructive Framework Y1 - 2012 A1 - Primiero, Giuseppe ED - Rahman, Shahid ED - Primiero, Giuseppe ED - Marion, Mathieu AB -

In the present paper a dynamics for type theory is introduced. The formalization provides epistemic explanations for the basic notions of belief state and belief set by referring to assertion conditions for type-theoretical judgements; it interprets expectations in terms of default assumptions for such a structure and it adapts the usual revision operations and the analogous of the Ramsey test. The model, restricted to operations of revision, merging and information preference, provides a constructive type-theoretical approach to epistemic dynamics.

JA - The realism-antirealism debate in the age of alternative logics PB - Springer SP - 191–212 ER - TY - Generic T1 - The IARC and mechanistic evidence Y1 - 2011 A1 - Leuridan, Bert A1 - Weber, Erik ED - McKay Illari, Phyllis ED - Russo, Federica ED - Williamson, Jon AB -

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) is an organization which seeks to identify the causes of human cancer. For each agent, such as betel quid or Human Papillomaviruses, they review the available evidence deriving from epidemiological studies, animal experiments and information about mechanisms (and other data). The evidence of the different groups is combined such that an overall assessment of the carcinogenicity of the agent in question is obtained. In this paper, we critically review IARC's carcinogenicity evaluations. First we show that serious objections can be raised against their criteria and procedures - more specifically regarding the role of mechanistic knowledge in establishing causal claims. Our arguments are based on the problems of confounders, of the assessment of the temporal stability of carcinogenic relations, viz. How we should treat the carcinogenicity evaluations that were based on the current procedures. After showing that this question is important we argue that an overall dismissal of the current evaluations would be too radical. Instead, we argue in favour of a stepwise re-evaluation of the current findings.

JA - Causality in the Sciences PB - Oxford University Press SP - 91–109 SN - 9780199574131 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Constructive contextual modal judgments for reasoning from open assumptions T2 - Proceedings of the Computability in Europe 2010 Conference Y1 - 2010 A1 - Primiero, Giuseppe ED - Ferreira, F ED - Guerra, H ED - Mayordomo, E ED - Rasga, J AB -

Dependent type theories using a structural notion of context are largely explored in their applications to programming languages, but less investigated for knowledge representation purposes. In particular, types with modalities are already used for distributed and staged computation. This paper introduces a type system extended with judgmental modalities internalizing epistemically different modes of correctness to explore a calculus of provability from refutable assumptions.

JA - Proceedings of the Computability in Europe 2010 Conference PB - Centre for Applied Mathematics and Information Technology, Department of Mathematics, University of Azores ER - TY - Generic T1 - Epistemic Modalities Y1 - 2009 A1 - Primiero, Giuseppe ED - Primiero, Giuseppe ED - Rahman, Shahid AB -

I present an analysis of the notion of epistemic modalities, based on an appropriate interpretation of two basic constructivist issues: verification and epistemic agency. Starting from an historical analysis of conditions for judgments, I analyze first the reading of necessity with respect to apodictic judgements, and then that of possibility with respect to hypothetical judgement. The analysis results in a formal treatment of rules for judgemental modal operators, whose aim is to preserve epistemic states corresponding to verified and unverified assumptions in contexts. In the conclusion, further tracks of research are indicated for designing a semantic framework and defining multi-agents systems.

JA - Acts of Knowledge: History, Philosophy and Logic T3 - Tributes PB - College Publications VL - 9 SP - 207–232 SN - 978-1-904987-92-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isaac Newton's 'Of The Church' Manuscript Description and Analysis of Bodmer Ms. in Geneva JF - European journal of science and theology Y1 - 2009 A1 - Ducheyne, Steffen ED - Rusu, Iulian AB -

In this essay, a manuscript description and analysis of Isaac Newton's manuscript 'Of the Church' (Bodmer Ms., Fondation Martin Bodmer, Geneva, Switzerland) is provided.

VL - 5 SP - 25–35 UR - http://www.ejst.tuiasi.ro/issue.html ER - TY - Generic T1 - Modal Logic and Philosophy. A case study. Y1 - 2009 A1 - Urbaniak, Rafal A1 - Rostalska, Agnieszka ED - Weber, Erik ED - Libert, Thierry ED - Marage, Pierre ED - Vanpaemel, Geert JA - Logic, Philosophy and History of Science in Belgium. Proceedings of the Young Researchers Days 2008 PB - Koninklijke Vlaamse Academie van België CY - Brussel SP - 79-83 ER - TY - Generic T1 - Towards a Dialogic Interpretation of Dynamic Proofs Y1 - 2009 A1 - Batens, Diderik ED - Dégremont, Cédric ED - Keiff, Laurent ED - Rückert, Helge AB -

The main result presented in this paper concerns a dialogic or game-theoretical interpretation of dynamic proofs. Dynamic proofs in themselves do not form a demonstration of the derivability of their last formula from a given premise set. Apart from the proof, such a demonstration requires a specific metalevel argument. In a natural and appealing form, the metalevel argument is phrased in terms of the existence of a winning strategy for the proponent.\par The aforementioned point is presented in terms of an approach that is in a sense Hilbertian and anti-Tarskian: the characterization of logical inference in terms of types of proofs, rather than in terms of properties of the consequence relation.

JA - Dialogues, Logics and Other Strange Things. Essays in Honour of Shahid Rahman PB - College Publications CY - London SP - 27–51 ER - TY - Generic T1 - A conceptual analysis of early arabic algebra Y1 - 2008 A1 - Heeffer, Albrecht ED - Rahman, Shahid ED - Street, Tony ED - Tahiri, Hassan AB -

Arabic algebra derives its epistemic value not from proofs but from correctly performing calculations using coequal polynomials. This idea of ‘mathematics as calculation’ had an important influence on the epistemological status of European mathematics until the seventeenth century. We analyze the basic concepts of early Arabic algebra such as the unknown and the equation and their subsequent changes within the Italian abacus tradition. We demonstrate that the use of these concepts has been problematic in several aspects. Early Arabic algebra reveals anomalies which can be attributed to the diversity of influences in which the al-jabr practice flourished. We argue that the concept of a symbolic equation as it emerges in algebra textbooks around 1550 is fundamentally different from the ‘equation’ as known in Arabic algebra.

JA - The unity of science in the arabic tradition : science, logic, epistemology and their interactions PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers CY - Dordrecht SP - 89–128 SN - 978-1-4020-8404-1 UR - http://dx.doi.org/1854/11276 ER - TY - Generic T1 - Conceptual tools for causal analysis in the social sciences. Y1 - 2007 A1 - Weber, Erik ED - Russo, Federica ED - Williamson, Jon JA - Causality and probability in the sciences PB - College Publications CY - London SP - 197–213 SN - 1904987354 ER - TY - Generic T1 - Galton's blinding glasses: modern statistics hiding causal structure in early theories of inheritance. Y1 - 2007 A1 - Leuridan, Bert ED - Russo, Federica ED - Williamson, Jon JA - Causality and probability in the sciences PB - College Publications SP - 243–262 SN - 1-904987-35-4 ER - TY - Generic T1 - The Need for Adaptive Logics in Epistemology Y1 - 2004 A1 - Batens, Diderik ED - Rahman, Shahid ED - Symons, John ED - Gabbay, Dov M. ED - Van Bendegem, Jean Paul AB -

After it is argued that philosophers of science have lost their interest in logic because they applied the wrong type of logics, examples are given of the forms of dynamic reasoning that are central for philosophy of science and epistemology. Adaptive logics are presented as a means to understand and explicate those forms of reasoning. All members of a specific (large) set of adaptive logics are proved to have a number of properties that warrant their formal decency and their suitability with respect to understanding and explicating dynamic forms of reasoning. Most of the properties extend to other adaptive logics.

JA - Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science PB - Kluwer CY - Dordrecht SP - 459–485 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Explaining laws by reduction T2 - Philosophical Dimensions of Logic and Science Y1 - 2003 A1 - Weber, Erik ED - Rojsczak, A ED - Cachro, J ED - Kurczewski, G AB -

Scientific explanations have been intensively studied by philosophers of science during the last five decades. Explanations of laws did not receive as much attention as explanations of particular facts. In this article, I present a model for one type of explanations of laws: reductions of laws to phenomena at a micro-level. Examples of such reductions can be found in the natural sciences (the ideal gas law is probably the most famous example here) and in the social sciences (e.g., reduction of macroeconomic laws to the behaviour of individual economic agents).

JA - Philosophical Dimensions of Logic and Science PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht SN - 140201645X ER - TY - Generic T1 - Het construeren van wetenschappelijke verklaringen Y1 - 1993 A1 - Weber, Erik ED - Raymaekers, Bart JA - Gehelen en fragmenten. De vele gezichten van de filosofie PB - Universitaire Pers SP - 261-265 ER - TY - Generic T1 - Onze huidige kijk op ontdekking en creativiteit vereist een `contextuele' kennistheoretische aanpak Y1 - 1993 A1 - Batens, Diderik ED - Raymaekers, Bart JA - Gehelen en fragmenten. De vele gezichten van de filosofie PB - Universitaire Pers SP - 265–267 ER - TY - Generic T1 - Recente ontwikkelingen in onze opvatting over creativiteit Y1 - 1993 A1 - Meheus, Joke ED - Raymaekers, Bart JA - Gehelen en fragmenten. De vele gezichten van de filosofie PB - Universitaire Pers SP - 259–261 ER - TY - Generic T1 - Aspecten van ontdekking en creativiteit Y1 - 1992 A1 - Batens, Diderik A1 - Meheus, Joke A1 - Weber, Erik ED - Raymaekers, Bart JA - Gehelen en Fragmenten. De vele gezichten van de filosofie PB - Universitaire Pers SP - 59 ER - TY - Generic T1 - Dynamic Dialectical Logics Y1 - 1989 A1 - Batens, Diderik ED - Priest, Graham ED - Routley, Richard ED - Norman, Jean JA - Paraconsistent Logic. Essays on the Inconsistent PB - Philosophica Verlag SP - 187–217 ER - TY - Generic T1 - Creativiteit in wetenschap en muziek Y1 - 1986 A1 - Batens, Diderik ED - De Hen, Ferdinand J. ED - Riessauw, Anne-Marie ED - Sabbe, Herman JA - Liber Amicorum J.L. Broeckx PB - Grafisch Bureau M & Team SP - 29–55 ER -